Клад с реки Будун-Гол с котлами "скифского типа" и ритуальными треножниками "дин": к вопросу о судьбах трофейного металлолома в евразийских степях"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.5.38.68Ключевые слова:
археология, Монголия, Китай, Бурятия, Алтай, Синьцзян, период Восточное Чжоу, раннескифское время, клады, бронзовые котлы, треножники «дин», переплавка бронзовых изделий, набеги варваров «жунди».Аннотация
В статье предпринято исследование проблемы формирования клада бронзовых котлов ранне-скифского времени и китайских ритуальных треножников «дин», обнаруженного на реке Будун-гол в Худэр сомоне Сэлэнгэ аймака Монголии, недалеко от границы Республики Бурятия. Ранее треножники «дин» вместе с котлом «скифского типа» были найдены в составе «клада металлурга» из Сибоцзы (Пекин), который также был оставлен некитайским населением. Как показано в статье, треножники «дин» из обоих кладов происходят с территорий владений Цзинь, Цинь или с Центральной равнины. Найденные на Будун-гол котлы «скифского» типа с кольцевыми ручками, имеющими центральный желобок и вертикальный выступ, скорее всего, происходят из Синьцзяна. Ритуальные сосуды в чжоуском Китае не могли быть предметом торговли или обмена вследствие своей сакральной значимости, а, судя по находкам «скифских» котлов в Китае, племена, совершавшие набеги на Чжоу, использовали котлы с арочными ручками типа найденного в Сибоцзы. Таким образом, треножники «дин» из обоих кладов и котлы с кольцевыми ручками с Будун-Гол были военными трофеями, захваченными как вторичное металлургическое сырье. Добыча бронзового лома была одной из главных целей набегов варварских племен, потрясавших чжоуский Китай в IX-VII вв. до н.э. Наличие большого количества свинца как особенность состава древнекитайской бронзы позволяет предварительно проследить пути распространения трофейного металлолома. Аномально высокое содержание свинца зафиксировано в некоторых бронзовых предметах из Забайкалья, а также в комплекте конского снаряжения аржано-майемирского времени из кургана Элекмонар II-1 (Республика Алтай). Изучение характера вторичного использования бронз в культурах раннего железного века Северной Евразии имеет большие перспективы в свете развития новых научных подходов при условии привлечения данных о химическом составе источников руды.
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