Собаководство у населения города Березова в XVI-XIX веках (по результатам изучения остеологической коллекции)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.1.73.88Ключевые слова:
археозоология, Западная Сибирь, русское население, собаки, кости, морфометрия, транспортное собаководствоАннотация
В статье описана остеологическая коллекция позднесредневековых собак из раскопок Березовского городища XVI–XIX веков. В мерзлом культурном слое хорошо сохранились множественные костные остатки (более 547 экземпляров), в том числе и почти целые скелеты собак разного возраста. Проанализированы распределение остатков собак на вскрытых раскопками площадках, состав элементов скелета, краниологические параметры, возрастной состав, патологии на костях. Восстановлен рост в холке и вес собак. Все собаки были местного разведения, и притока извне других пород не было, как и специального отбора. На протяжении всего периода в Березове содержались однотипные собаки, по своему внешнему облику близкие к современным лайкам. Собаки были разного размера, 37–60 см высотой в холке, и весом 10–30 кг. Животные свободно перемещались по городу, часто питались твердыми кухонными отходами. Собак использовали в качестве тягловой силы, а в холодное время как транспортное животное, в меньшей степени для охоты на пушных зверей, пернатую дичь и для выпаса северных оленей. В ряде случаев местное население могло использовать собак в ритуальных обрядах.
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