Каменные топоры эпохи бронзы из фондов музея-заповедника «Аркаим»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.1.264.284Ключевые слова:
археология, Южное Зауралье, поздний бронзовый век, каменные топоры, каменные топоры с желобчатым перехватом, кабардино-пятигорский тип, трасологический анализ, петрографияАннотация
В статье вводятся в научный оборот восемь каменных топоров и их фрагменты из фондов Областного государственного бюджетного учреждения культуры «Челябинский государственный историко-археологический музей-заповедник «Аркаим». Материалы обнаружены на многослойных археологических памятниках, расположенных в нескольких районах Челябинской и Оренбургской областей: укрепленные поселения Аландское, Журумбай, Куйсак, могильник Калмыцкая Молельня и поселение Каменная Речка I. Топоры были проанализированы с точки зрения их петрографии, типологии и функционального назначения. В результате семь предметов были отнесены к топорам кабардино-пятигорского типа, два из них являются моделями. Одно орудие отнесено к топорам с желобчатым перехватом. Использование местных источников сырья указывает на местное производство топоров. Основными техниками изготовления являлись оббивка, пикетаж и шлифование каменным абразивом. Предметы из мягких пород обрабатывались с помощью металлического лезвия. Два топора были сломаны при изготовлении, на двух предметах зафиксированы следы использования после поломки, для остальных не удалось выявить признаков утилизации.
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