Уздечные принадлежности и амулеты, антропоморфные и оформленные в зверином стиле, из могильника №1 Томузловского городища
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.4.138.153Ключевые слова:
археология, Томузловское городище, кобанская культурно-историческая общность, скифский период, зооморфное изображение, антропоморфное изображение, пластина, бляха, псалий, гравировка, стиль, зооморфизмАннотация
Статья посвящена вводу в научный оборот части предметов из разрушенных погребений могильника № 1 Томузловского городища, расположенного в западных окрестностях села Александровское Ставропольского края. Могильник расположен к северу от городища, на левом берегу реки Томузловка в урочище Алимова Будка. В числе обнаруженных предметов конского убранства и амулетов зафиксировано 15 антропоморфных и зооморфных изделий. Ряд морфологических признаков зооморфных и антропоморфных образов, изображенных на изделиях, выявленных на территории могильника, позволяет уточнить период господства в местном прикладном искусстве собственно кобанских изобразительных традиций – IX–VIII – середина V в. до н.э. Во второй половине V – первой половине IV в. до н.э. наблюдается сосуществование в местной повседневной культуре образцов скифского искусства (центрально-предкавказского и прикубанского вариантов скифского звериного стиля) и синкретичных изображений, являющихся результатом взаимодействия скифского и кобанского зооморфизма.
Библиографические ссылки
Abramova, M. P. 1993. Tsentral’noe Predkavkaz’e v sarmatskoe vremia (III v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.) (Central Ciscaucasus in Sarmatian Time (3rd Century BC – 4th Century AD)). Series: Arkheologiia epokhi velikogo pereseleniia narodov i rannego srednevekov’ia (Russian monographs in migration-period and medieval archaeology) 2. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Brileva, O. A., Kadieva, A. A., Demidenko, S. V. 2023. In Voprosy drevney i srednevekovoy arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza i prilegayushchikh territoriy. Nauchnyy al'manakh, posvyashchennyy pamyati izvestnogo spetsialista po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza kandidata istoricheskikh nauk Aleksandra Pinkusovicha Moshinskogo (Issues of ancient and medieval archaeology of the North Caucasus and its neighbourhood. Scientific almanac dedicated to the memory of the famous specialist in archaeology of the North Caucasus, candidate of historical sciences Aleksander Pinkusovich Moshinsky). Series: Iz istorii kul'tury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (From the history of the culture of theNorth Caucasian peoples) 16. Stavropol; Moscow: “Pechatnyy Dvor” Publ., 126–138 (in Russian).
Burkov, S. B., Maslov, V. E. 2007. In Kozenkova, V. I., Malashev, V. Yu. (eds.). Severnyy Kavkaz i mir kochevnikov v rannem zheleznom veke. Sbornik pamyati M. P. Abramovoy (North Caucasus and the nomadic world in the early Iron Age: a collection in memory of M.P. Abramova). Moscow: “Taus” Publ., 295–321 (in Russian).
Vasil'eva, E. E. 2020. In Arkheologicheskie vesti (Archaeological News) 27, 279–305 (in Russian).
Vol'naya, G. N. 2002. Prikladnoe iskusstvo naseleniya Priterech'ya serediny I tysyacheletiya do n.e. (Applied art of the population of the Terek River region in the middle of the 1st millennium BC). Vladikavkaz: “Iriston” Publ. (in Russian).
Domanskiy, Ya. V. 1984. Drevnjaja hudozhestvennaja bronza Kavkaza iz sobranija Gosudarstvennogo Jermitazha (Ancient art bronze of the Caucasus from the holdings of the State Hermitage Museum). Moscow: “Iskusstvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Kadieva, A. A., Demidenko, S. V. 2020. In Levanova, E. S., Smirnov, N. Yu. (eds.). DIALOG 2017-2018. Dikhotomiya iskusstva v arkheologii: lokus, obrazy, genezis: Materialy ob"edinennogo seminara Instituta arkheologii RAN i Instituta istorii material'noy kul'tury RAN (Sankt-Peterburg, 6-7 dekabrya 2017 g.; Moskva, 6-7 dekabrya 2018 g.) (DIALOGUE 2017–2018. Dichotomy of art in archaeology: locus, images, genesis: Proceedings of the joined seminar of the Institute of Archaeology RAS and the Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS (Saint Petersburg, December 6–7, 2017; Moscow, December 6–7, 2018)). Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 232–244 (in Russian).
Kantorovich A.R. 2016. In Bagaev, M. Kh., Mamaev, Kh. M. (eds.). Izuchenie i sokhranenie arkheologicheskogo naslediya narodov Kavkaza. XXIX Krupnovskie chteniya (Study and Preservation of Archaeological Heritage of the Peoples of Caucasus. The 29th Krupnov’s Reading). Groznyy: Chechen State University Publ., 82–84 (in Russian)
Kantorovich, A. R. 2022. Iskusstvo skifskogo zverinogo stilya Vostochnoy Evropy (klassifikatsiya, tipologiya, khronologiya, evolyutsiya) (The art of the scythian animal style of Eastern Europe: classification, typology, chronology, evolution) Vol. 1. Moscow: Moscow State University. (in Russian).
Kantorovich, A. R. 2022. Iskusstvo skifskogo zverinogo stilya Vostochnoy Evropy (klassifikatsiya, tipologiya, khronologiya, evolyutsiya) (The art of the scythian animal style of Eastern Europe: classification, typology, chronology, evolution) Vol. 2. Moscow: Moscow State University. (in Russian).
Kerefov, B. M., Karmov, T. M. 2009. Nartan–2 kurgannyy mogil'nik skifskogo vremeni (Nartan-2 barrow field of Scythian period). Nalchik: Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center Of The Russian Academy Of Sciences (in Russian).
Kozenkova, V. I. 1982. Tipologiia i khronologicheskaia klassifikatsiia predmetov kobanskoi kul'tury. Vostochnyi variant (Typology and Chronological Classification of Koban Culture Items. The Eastern Variant). Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) V2-5. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Kozenkova, V. I. 1996. Kul'turno-istoricheskie protsessy na Severnom Kavkaze v epokhu pozdney bronzy v rannem zheleznom veke (Uzlovye problemy proiskhozhdeniya i razvitiya kobanskoy kul'tury) (Cultural and historical processes in the North Caucasus during the late Bronze Age of the early Iron Age (Key issues of emengence and development of Koban culture)). Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Kozenkova, V. I. 1998. Material'naya osnova byta kobanskikh plemen. Zapadnyi variant (Material basis for mode of life of the Koban tribes. Western version). Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) B2-5. Vol. 5. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Kozenkova, V. I. 2017. Spetsifika dukhovnogo mira kobanskikh plemen (Characteristics of the spiritual world of the Koban tribes). Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Korovina, A. K. 1957. In Sovetskaya arkheologiya (Soviet archaeology) (2), 185–188 (in Russian).
Leskov, A. M., Beglova, E. A., Ksenofontova, I. V., Erlikh, V. R. 2013. Meoty Zakuban'ya IV – III vv. do n.e. Nekropoli u aula Ulyap. Svyatilishcha i ritual'nye kompleksy (Trans-Kuban Maeotians in the IV - III centuries BC. Necropolis at the village of Ulyap. Sanctuaries and ritual complexes). Moscow: “GMV” Publ. (in Russian).
Moshinsky, A. P. 2006. Drevnosti gornoy Digorii VII – IV vv. do n.e. Sistematizatsiya i khronologiya (Antiquities from the mountainous Digoria of the VII-IV centuries BC. Systematization and chronology). Moscow: State Historical Museum (in Russian).
Okhon'ko, N. A. 1988. In Gosdanker, V. V. (ed.). Materialy i issledovaniya Stavropol'skogo kraevogo muzeya (Materials and research of the Stavropol Museum of Regional Study) 15–16. Stavropol: “Stavropol'skoe kn. izd-vo” Publ., 243–291 (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A. 2002. In Kudryavtsev, A. A. (ed.).Iz istorii kul'tury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (From the history of the culture of the North Caucasian peoples) 5. Stavropol: Stavropol State University, 60–69. (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A. 2005. Istoriko-kul'turnoe razvitie naseleniya Tsentral'nogo Predkavkaz'ya vo vtoroy polovine I tys. do n.e. (Historical and cultural development of the population of the Central Ciscaucasia in the second half of the 1st millennium BC). Stavropol: Stavropol State University (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A. 2014. Skify, sarmaty i plemena kobanskoy kul'tury v Tsentral'nom Predkavkaz'e vo vtoroy polovine I tys. do n.e. (Scythians, Sarmatians and tribes of the Koban culture in the Central Fore-Caucasus in the second half of the !st millennium BC). Part 2. Stavropol: Stavropol State University (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A. 2021. In Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor’ia (Materials on the Archaeology and History of the Ancient and Medieval Northern Black Sea Region) 13, 467–482 (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A., Kravtsova, S. L. 2020 In Skhatum, R. B., Ulitin, V. V. (eds.). X “Anfimoskie chteniia” po arkheologii zapadnogo Kavkaza (10th “Anfimov Readings” on the Archaeology of the Western Caucasus). Krasnodar: “IP Smorodin” Publ., 319–329 (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A., Okhon'ko, N. A. 2011. Verbovskiy mogil'nik kon. IV – III v. do n.e. (severo-zapadnye okrestnosti g. Stavropolya) (Verbovsky burial ground of the end of IV – III centuries BC (northwestern outskirts of the city of Stavropol)). Stavropol: “Grafa” Publ. (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A., Rudnitskiy, R. R. 2023. In Voprosy drevney i srednevekovoy arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza i prilegayushchikh territoriy. Nauchnyy al'manakh, posvyashchennyy pamyati izvestnogo spetsialista po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza kandidata istoricheskikh nauk Aleksandra Pinkusovicha Moshinskogo (Issues of ancient and medieval archaeology of the North Caucasus and its surroundings. Scientific almanac dedicated to the memory of the famous specialist in archaeology of the North Caucasus, candidate of historical sciences Aleksander Pinkusovich Moshinsky). Series: Iz istorii kul'tury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (From the history of the culture of theNorth Caucasian peoples) 16. Stavropol; Moscow: “Pechatnyy Dvor” Publ., 189–243 (in Russian).
Prokopenko, Yu. A., Rudnitskiy, R. R. 2024. In Prokopenko, Yu. A., Malakhova, S. N. (eds.). Materialy i issledovaniya po istorii i arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza i prilegayushchikh territoriy. Nauchnyy al'manakh, posvyashchennyy pamyati izvestnogo spetsialista po istorii narodov Severnogo Kavkaza, doktora istoricheskikh nauk Tat'yany Aleksandrovny Nevskoy (Materials and research on the history and archaeology of the North Caucasus and its neighbourhood. Scientific almanac dedicated to the memory of the famous specialist in the history of the peoples of the North Caucasus, Doctor of History Tatyana Aleksandrovna Nevskaya. From the history of culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus). Series: Iz istorii kul'tury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (From the history of the culture of theNorth Caucasian peoples) 17. Stavropol; Moscow: “Pechatnyy Dvor” Publ., 80–105 (in Russian).
Bliev, M. M. (ed.). 2011. Sokrovishcha Alanii (The Treasure of Alania). Moscow: “Eksmo” Publ. (in Russain).
Tekhov, B. V. 2002. Tayny drevnikh pogrebeniy (Secrets of ancient burials). Vladikavkaz: “Proekt-press” Publ. (in Russian).
Tekhov, B. V. 2006. Arkheologiya yuzhnoy chasti Osetii (Archaeology of the South of Ossetia). Vladikavkaz: “Ir” Publ. (in Russian).
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2025 Ю.А. Прокопенко, Р.Р. Рудницкий
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
