Земледелие в Пермском Прикамье в раннем железном веке и эпоху Великого переселения народов
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.2.147.173Ключевые слова:
археология, земледелие, ранний железный век, эпоха Великого переселения народов, ананьинская культура, гляденовская культура, полба, ячмень, пшеницаАннотация
Представлено первое комплексное археоботаническое исследование археологических памятников Пермского Приуралья, относящихся большей частью к раннему железному веку и средневековью. Пермская территория находится в зоне средней и южной тайги, что затрудняет ведение земледельческих практик. Результаты свидетельствуют возникновении земледелия в позднеананьинский период раннего железного века, самое позднее в IV веке до н.э. В то время 58° северной широты представляла собой северную границу земледелия в Вятско-Камском регионе. Основными видами культивируемых зерновых были полба и ячмень, в III–V веках н.э. появляется хлебная пшеница, сорго и конопля. Дикорастущие растения способствовали разнообразию рациона питания и указывают на сильно измененные ландшафты вокруг исследуемых участков. Преобладание полбы в раннем железном веке связывает происхождение земледелия в центрально-камском регионе с Понтийской степью и Кавказским регионом. В целом, земледелие могло способствовать увеличению населения Гляденово и освоению новых территорий на севере и юге.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Е.М. Орлова, М.Л. Перескоков, В.А. Баталова, Л.С. Шумиловских
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