О сходстве и различиях погребальных комплексов каменской и прохоровской (раннесарматской) культур в IV-III вв. до н. э.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.2.324.341Ключевые слова:
археология, Южное Приуралье, Обь-Иртышское междуречье, каменская и прохоровская археологические культуры, курганы, погребальный обряд, предметный комплексАннотация
В статье представлены предварительные результаты сравнительного анализа материалов каменской культуры Обь-Иртышского междуречья и прохоровской культуры Южного Приуралья. Судя по имеющимся данным, в обеих культурах примерно в первой половине IV в. до н. э. начинают формироваться многомогильные курганы с круговой планировкой. Внешнее сходство планировки захоронений, расположения умерших и некоторых категорий инвентаря уже на раннем этапе изучения вызывало у исследователей Обь-Иртышского междуречья ассоциации с савромато-сарматами. Однако, в каменской культуре нет погребальных комплексов, явно привнесённых из Южного Урала, и наоборот. Многочисленные отличия в погребальном обряде и предметном комплексе указывают на отсутствие прямых связей в IV–III вв. до н. э. между прохоровской и каменской культурами. Достаточно указать на полное отсутствие в каменской культуре «западных» петельчатых удил и мечей, заменявшихся чеканами. Значительно больше сходства в расположении погребений, включающих круговую и линейную планировки. По всей видимости, истоки культур лежат в сакском мире. На это указывают и данные антропологии.
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