К вопросу об общих компонентах в этнической истории средневековых татар и башкир
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.3.181.191Ключевые слова:
археология, средневековье, этногенез татар и башкир, общие компоненты, финно-угры, угро-мадьяры, волжские булгары, кыпчаки-половцыАннотация
В данной статье автор, основываясь на материалах археологии, добытых предшествующими исследователями, приходит к выводу, что практически до массовой тюркизации Южного Урала вследствие проникновения на эти земли кыпчаков-половцев, основным населением края были группы финно-угорского населения (приуральские финны, древние угры-мадьяры). В период Волжской Булгарии восточные районы современного Татарстана являлись приграничной зоной, где обитали небольшие группы волжских булгар и кочевали тюркоязычные предки башкир.
Библиографические ссылки
Anninskii, S. A. 1940. In Grekov, B. D. (ed.). Istoricheskii arkhiv (Historical Archive) 3. Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 71–112 (in Russian).
Baskakov, N. A. 1969. Vvedenie v izuchenie tiurkskikh iazykov (Introduction to the study of Turkic languages). Moscow: “Vysshaia shkola” Publ. (in Russian).
Belavin, A. M., Ivanov, V. A., Krylasova, N. B. 2009. Ugry Predural’ia v drevnosti i srednie veka (The Cis-Urals Ugric Peoples in the Antiquity and Middle Ages). Ufa: “Vagant” Publ. (in Russian).
Belyavskaya, O. S., Protsenko, A. S., Kurmanov, R. G. 2017. Gorodishche Ufa-II. Materialy raskopok 2017 goda (Hillfort Ufa-II. Materials from the 2017 excavations). Ufa: “Pervaya tipografiya” Publ. (in Russian).
Bernshtam, A. N. 1947. In Sovetskaia etnografiia (Soviet Ethnography) (6–7), 148–158 (in Russian).
Bernshtam, A. N. 1959. In Debets, G. F. (ed.). Trudy Kirgizskoy arkheologo-etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii (Proceedings of Kyrgiz Archaeological and Ethnographic expedition) 3. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 17–22 (in Russian).
Botalov, S. G., Gutsalov, S. Yu. 2000. Gunno-sarmaty Uralo-kazakhstanskikh stepei (The Huns/Sarmatians of the Ural-Kazakhstan Steppes). Cheliabinsk: “Rifei” Publ. (in Russian).
Vasilieva, I. N. 1979. In Basin, S. G. (ed.). Drevniaia istoriia Povolzh'ia (Ancient History of the Volga Region). Kuibyshev: Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute, 202–240 (in Russian).
Garipov, T. M. 1979. Kypchakskie iazyki Uralo-Povolzhia: opyt sinkhronnogo i diakhronnogo analiza (Kipchak languages of the Ural-Volga region: the experience of synchronous and diachronic analysis). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Zakiev, M. Z. 2003. Proiskhozhdenie tiurkov i tatar (Genesis of the Turkic peoples and Tatars). Moscow: “INSAN” Publ. (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 1999. Drevnie ugry-mad’iary v Vostochnoi Evrope (Ancient Ugric-Magyars in Eastern Europe). Ufa: “Gilem” Publ. (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 2012. In Zolotoordynskaya tsivilizatsiia (The Golden Horde civilization) 5, 404–414 (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 2020. In Trudy Kamskoi arkheologo-etnograficheskoi ekspeditsii (Proceedings of the Kama Archaeological and Ethnographical Expedition) XVI, 76–89 (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 2022. Sitdikov, A. G., Goldina, R. D. (eds.). Epokha Velikogo pereseleniya narodov (The Great Migration Period) Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 4. Kazan: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 345–356 (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 2022. Sitdikov, A. G., Goldina, R. D. (eds.). Epokha Velikogo pereseleniya narodov (The Great Migration Period) Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 4. Kazan: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 357–363 (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A. 2022. In Sitdikov, A. G., Khuzin, F. Sh., Nikitina, T. B. (eds.). Srednie veka (VIII – nachalo XIII vv.). Volzhskaya Bolgariya. Finno-ugorskiy mir. Kochevniki Vostochnoy Evropy (Middle Ages (VIII – beginning of the XIII centuries). Volga Bolgaria. Finno-Ugric world. Turkic-speaking nomads). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 5. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 105–124 (in Russian).
Ivanov, V. A., Antonov, I. V. 2013. In Obydennova, G. T. (ed.). Problemy poiska i izucheniia drevnikh i srednevekovykh gorodov na Iuzhnom Urale i sopredelnykh territoriiakh (Issues of searching and studying ancient and medieval cities in the Southern Urals and neighbourhood areas). Ufa: Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, 111–132 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1972. In Smirnov, A. P., Chernetsov, V. N., Erdélyi, I. F. (eds.). Problemy arkheologii i drevnei istorii ugrov (Issues of the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Ugric Peoples). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 161–167 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1978. Pamiatniki bolgarskogo vremeni v vostochnykh raionakh Tatarii (Sites of Bolgar Time in the Eastern Parts of Tataria). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1981 In Khalikov, A. Kh. (ed.). Ob istoricheskikh pamiatnikakh po dolinam Kamy i Beloi (On the Historical Sites in Kama and Belaya River Valleys). Kazan: Language, Literature and History Institute named after G. Ibragimov, Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 115–135 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 2003. In Ugry. Materialy VI Sibirskogo simpoziuma (Tobolsk, 9–11 dekabria 2003) ( The Ugric peoples. Proceedings of the VI Siberian symposium (Tobolsk, december 9-11, 2003)).Tobolsk: Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum Reserve, 79–87 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 2004. In Kovaleva, V. T. (ed.). Chetvertye Bersovskie chteniya (The Fourth Bers' readings). Ekaterinburg: “Akva-Press” Publ., 120–128 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 2007. Volzhskie bolgary, ugry i finny v IX—XIV vv.: problemy vzaimodeistviia (The Volga Bulgarians, the Ugrians and the Finns in 9th – 14th Centuries: Issues of Interaction). Kazan: Institute for History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 2018. In Arkheologiia evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes) 6, 116–126 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 2021. Volgo-Kame v epokhu Tiurkskikh kaganatov. Kniga pervaia. Kominternovskii II mogilnik (The Volga-Kama in the Period of Turkic Khaganates. Book One. Komintern II burial ground) Series: Arkheologiya Evraziyskikh stepey (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 26. Kazan: “Fen” Publ. (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P., Sitdikov, A. G., Khuzin, F. Sh. 2022. In Sitdikov, A. G., Khuzin, F. Sh., Nikitina, T. B. (eds.). Srednie veka (VIII – nachalo XIII vv.). Volzhskaya Bolgariya. Finno-ugorskiy mir. Kochevniki Vostochnoy Evropy (Middle Ages (VIII – beginning of the XIII centuries). Volga Bolgaria. Finno-Ugric world. Turkic-speaking nomads). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 5. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 87–104 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P., Khuzin, F. Sh. 2022. In Sitdikov, A. G., Khuzin, F. Sh., Nikitina, T. B. (eds.). Srednie veka (VIII – nachalo XIII vv.). Volzhskaya Bolgariya. Finno-ugorskiy mir. Kochevniki Vostochnoy Evropy (Middle Ages (VIII – beginning of the XIII centuries). Volga Bolgaria. Finno-Ugric world. Turkic-speaking nomads). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 5. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 58–86 (in Russian).
Kiekbaev, Dzh. G. 1972. Vvedenie v Uralo-Altaiskoe iazykoznanie (Introduction to Ural-Altaic linguistics). Ufa: “Kitap” Publ. (in Russian).
Kokorina, N. A. 2002. Keramika Volzhskoi Bulgarii vtoroi poloviny XI – nachala XV vv.: K probleme preemstvennosti bulgarskoi i bulgaro-tatarskoi kul’tur (Ceramic Ware in Volga Bolgaria during the Second Half of the 11th – beginning of the 15th Centuries (on the Issue on Succession of the Bolgar and Bolgar-Tatar Cultures)). Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardjani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Kolonskikh, A. G. 2022. Sitdikov, A. G., Goldina, R. D. (eds.). Epokha Velikogo pereseleniya narodov (The Great Migration Period) Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 4. Kazan: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 334–344 (in Russian).
Kuzeev, R. G. 1974. Proiskhozhdenie bashkirskogo naroda. Etnicheskii sostav, istoriia rasseleniia (Genesis of the Bashkir people. Ethnic composition and history of settlement). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Kuzeev, R. G. 1987. Problemy etnicheskoi istorii narodov Srednego Povolzhia i Iuzhnogo Urala s serediny I tysiacheletiia nashei ery do XVI v. (Issues of the ethnic history of the peoples of the Middle Volga and Southern Urals from the middle of the I millennium AD to the 16th century.). Ufa (in Russian).
Kuzeev, R. G. 1992. Narody Srednego Povolzh’ia i Iuzhnogo Urala. Etnogeneticheskii vzgliad na istoriiu (Peoples of the Middle Volga and Southern Ural Areas: Ethnic-Genetic Sight on History). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Lyubchansy, I. E. 2006. In Obydennova, G. T., Savelyev, N. S. (eds.). Iuzhnyi Ural i sopredel’nye territorii v skifo-sarmatskoe vremia (Southern Ural and Adjacent Territories in Scythian and Sarmatian Time). Ufa: “Gilem” Publ., 226–234 (in Russian).
Mazhitov, N. A. 1968. Bakhmutinskaia kul’tura: Etnicheskaia istoriia naseleniia Severnoi Bashkirii serediny I tysiacheletiia nashei ery (The Bakhmutino Culture: Ethnic History of the Northern Bashkiria Population in the Middle I Millennium AD). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mazhitov, N. A. 1977. Iuzhnyi Ural v VII–XIV vv. (Southern Ural in 7th — 14th Centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mazhitov, N. A. 1981. Kurgany Iuzhnogo Urala VIII–XII vv. (Barrows of the Southern Urals, 8th – 12th Centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mazhitov, N. A. 2013. Voprosy drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii bashkirskogo naroda (Issues of ancient and medieval history of the Bashkirs). Ufa: “Gilem” Publ. (in Russian).
Mazhitov, N. A., Sultanova, A. N. 2010. Istoriia Bashkortostana. Drevnost i srednevekov’e (History of Bashkortostan. Ancient and medieval periods). Ufa: “Kitap” Publ. (in Russian).
Arkheologiia evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes) 6 (in Russian).
Lavrent'evskaia letopis' i Suzdal'skaia letopis' po Akademicheskomu spisku (Laurentian Chronicle and Suzdal Chronicle according to the Academic Code). Series: Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei (Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles) I. Moscow: “Vostochnaia literatura” Publ. (in Russian).
Ipat'evskaia letopis. (Ipatievskaya Chronicle). Series: Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei (Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles) IX. Moscow: “Vostochnaia literatura” Publ. (in Russian).
Rudenko, S. I. 2006. Bashkiry. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki (The Bashkirs: Historical and Ethnographical Sketches). Ufa: “Kitap” Publ. (in Russian).
Smirnov, K. F. 1971. In Bromlei, Yu. B., Kuzeev, R. G. (eds.). Arkheologiia i etnografiia Bashkirii (Archaeology and Ethnography of Bashkiria) IV. Ufa: Bashkirian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 69–76 (in Russian).
Stashenkov, D. A. 2020. (Drevnie vengry i ikh okruzhenie v Samarskom Povolzhye. Katalog arkheologicheskikh kollektsiy) (The Ancient Hungarians and their surroundings in the Samara Volga region. Catalog of archaeological collections). Samara: Regional Museum of Local Lore Publ. (in Russian).
Sultanova, A. N. 2000. Birskii mogil’nik: istoriko-arkheologicheskoe kharakteristika (Birsk Burial Ground: Historical and Archaeological Study). Thesis of Diss. of Historical Sciences Ufa (in Russian).
Sungatov, F. A. 1998. Turbaslinskaia kul'tura (po materialam pogrebal'nykh pamiatnikov V–VIII vv. n.e.) (Turbasly culture (based on funeral sites 5th – 8th centures CE)). Ufa: “Gilem” Publ., (in Russian).
Tatishchev, V. N. 1964. Istoriia Rossiiskaia (Russian History). Vol. 3 Moscow; Leningrad: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Türk, A. 2007. In Gorbunov, V. S. (ed.). Formirovanie i vzaimodeistvie uralskikh narodov v izmeniaiushcheisia etnokulturnoi srede Evrazii: problemy izucheniia i istoriografiia. Chteniia pamiati K.V. Salnikova (Formation and interaction of the Uralic peoples in the changing ethnic-cultural environment of Eurasia: research challenges and historiography. Readings in memory of K.V. Salnikov). Ufa: “Kitap” Publ. (in Russian).
Fodor, I. 2015. Vengry: drevniaia istoriia i obretenie rodiny (The Hungarians: Ancient History and the Conquest of the Homeland). Perm: “Zebra” Publ. (in Russian).
Khakimzyanov, F. S. 1987. Epigraficheskie pamyatniki Volzhskoy Bulgarii i ikh yazyk (Epigraphic Monuments of Volga Bolgaria and Their Language). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Khalikov, A. Kh. 1971. In Bromlei, Yu. B., Kuzeev, R. G. (eds.). Arkheologiia i etnografiia Bashkirii (Archaeology and Ethnography of Bashkiria) IV. Ufa: Bashkirian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 30–37 (in Russian).
Khalikov, A. Kh. 1984. In Martynov, A. I. (ed.). Problemy arkheologii stepei Evrazii. Sovetsko-vengerskiy sbornik (Issues of the Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes. Soviet-Hungarian collected papers). Kemerovo: Kemerevo State Universiry, 122–133 (in Russian).
Khalikov, A. Kh. 2022. Velikaya Vengriya mezhdu Volgoy i Uralom (Magna Hungaria between the Volga and the Urals). Series: Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 27. Voronezh: “ALEKS PRINT” Publ., (in Russian).
Khalikova, E. A. 1972. In Smirnov, A. P., Chernetsov, V. N., Erdélyi, I. F. (eds.). Problemy arkheologii i drevnei istorii ugrov (Issues of the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Ugric Peoples). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 145–160 (in Russian).
Khalikova, E. A., Khalikov, A. Kh. 2018. In Rannie vengry na Kame i Urale (Bol'she-Tiganskiy mogil'nik) (The Early Hungarians on the Kama and in the Urals (Bolshie-Tigany burial ground) Series: Arkheologiya Evraziyskikh stepey (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 25. Kazan: “Fen” Publ. (in Russian).
Shmuratko, D. V. 2012. Kurgannye mogil'niki kharinskogo tipa v Verkhnem Prikam'e v kontekste kul'turno-istoricheskikh protsessov epokhi Velikogo pereseleniia narodov (statisticheskii analiz pogrebal'nykh kompleksov) (Barrow Burial Mounds of the Kharino Type in the Upper Kama Region in the Context of Cultural and Historical Processes of the Great Migration Period (Statistical Analysis of Funerary Complexes)). PhD Thesis. Kazan (in Russian).
Yusupov, R. M. 2002. In Yusupov, R. M. (ed). Bashkiry. Etnicheskaia istoriia i traditsionnaia kul'tura (The Bashkirs. Ethnic History and Traditional Culture). Ufa: “Bashkirskaia entsiklopediia” Publ., 21–45 (in Russian).
Validi, A.-Z. 1992. Kyskacha tөrek-tatar tarikhy. Berenche җөze (A brief Turkic-Tatar history. The first part). Kazan: “Tatar. kit. Nәshr.” Publ. (in Tatar).
Umetbaev, M. 2016. Әҫәrҙәr. Kheҙmәttәr (Essays. Proceedings). Ufa: “Kitap” Publ. (in Bashkir).
Khalikova, E. A., Kazakov, E. P. 1977. In Les anciens hongrois et les ethnies voisines a l’Est. Budapest, 21–221.
Halikova, E. A., Halikov, A. H. 1981.Altungarn an der Kama und im Ural. (Das Gräberfeld von Bolschie Tigani). Series: Régészeti Füzetek, ser. II, No 21. Budapest: Maguar Nemzeti Múseum.
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2026 Ф.Ш. Хузин
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
