Царинский археологический комплекс в среднем течении Северского донца (к вопросу о статусе памятника хазарского времени)
Ключевые слова:
археология, Северский Донец, хазары, городище, археологический комплекс, поселение, некрополь, город, укрепленияАннотация
Статья посвящена вопросу о статусе Царинского комплекса в среднем течении Северского Донца. В литературе делались попытки охарактеризовать его, как город. Анализ данных показывает, что памятник сочетал признаки города и простого крупного поселения. Памятник хазарского времени возник, как неукрепленное поселение, вокруг которого имелась густо населенная округа. Городище построили на последнем этапе его истории. При этом, поселение играло важную роль в жизни региона. Сюда свозилась сельскохозяйственная продукция. Населенный пункт был центром ремесла и торговли. На нем присутствовал контингент всадников. Можно предполагать наличие представителей администрации. Могильники памятника свидетельствуют о влиянии на погребальный обряд мировых религий. Этим он отличался от поселений округи, сопровождавшихся языческими некрополями зливкинского типа. Современники, проживавшие на малых поселениях, воспринимали этот населенный пункт, как город. При наличии условий, указанные центры стали бы городами, в смысле, который вкладывает в это определение наука. В целом, подобные поселения являются моделью, отражающей процесс формирования раннесредневековых городов в степях Восточной Европы.
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