New Burial Assemblage of the Yamnaya Culture with a Cоpper Axe of the Utevka Type in the Orenburg Urals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.6.106.118Keywords:
Yamnaya culture, developed stage, Utevka type axе, burial rite, absolute dating, social aspectAbstract
The main purpose of this article is to present the burial of an adult male under barrow with a complex: a copper socketed ахе, a vessel of the huma type, a disk made of a piece of ochre, a child sacrifice. Finds of copper socketed axes are extremely rare in the burial assemblages of the Yamnaya culture. Until recently, 3 axes of the Utevka type were known in the South Urals. They are an important source for studying the level of social organization and technologies of metallurgical production of the Urals center of metallurgy at the early stage of the Bronze Age of Eurasia. Therefore, each new discovery of such axes is of exceptional interest. This is the find in barrow 4 of the Kalikino II burial ground, explored in 2021-2022 in Western Orenburg region. Based on the analysis of the find and its analogues in the context of the burial rite and accompanying inventory, as well as radiocarbon dating, it was concluded that this complex belongs to the developed stage of the Yamnaya culture. According to the authors, axes of the Utevka type and similar tools, known within the cultures of the Circumpontian cultural zone of the Early Bronze Age, were primarily used as military weaponry and belonged to representatives of the Yamnaya society elite. Moreover, such axes are often included in complexes with other copper carpentry tools. This indicates their use as a production symbol in ritual practice.
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