New Materials on Ferrous Metallurgy and Metalworking in the City of Juketaw
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.6.209.222Keywords:
archaeology of the Middle Volga region, X–XIV centuries, Volga Bolgaria, Ulus of Jochi, Golden Horde, Juketaw, ferrous metallurgy, blacksmithing, technology, archaeometallographyAbstract
The article is dedicated to the general characteristics of ferrous metallurgy and metalworking in the city of Juketaw. The Juketaw blacksmithing was studied on the basis of the archaeometallography method developed by B.A. Kolchin, and supplemented by the works of his students. Metallographic analyses were carried out in the archaeological laboratory of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov using a metallographic microscope MIM-7, microhardness tester PMT-3. As a result, the nature and quality of forging raw materials, the range of blacksmithing items, a set of technological methods for forging various products and the quality of forging operations were established. Within the studied samples (55 units, 54 items), two technological groups were identified, within them 11 technological schemes. Technological group I (36 units, about two thirds in the set): forging from simple bloomed iron; forging from raw unevenly carburized steel; surface cementation; forging from all-steel billets; forging from metal blanks. Technological group II (20 units, more than one third in the set): forging from blanks of a three-layer package; welding of a steel rod into the main body forged from bloomed iron, raw unevenly carburized steel or from packaged billets; end welding; forging from two-strip blanks; forging from three-strip blanks; V-shaped welding. Also, during the research, a comparative analysis was carried out on technological groups of synchronous sites.
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