Stone Arrowheads from the Sites of the Garino Culture of the Chalcolithic in the Middle Cis-Urals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.1.102.112Keywords:
archaeology, stone arrows, typology, Chalcolithic, Garino culture, bit'acial retouch, Middle Cis-UralsAbstract
The study deals with the generalization of the results of the approbation of the typology of the Garino culture stone arrowheads. During the work, 625 items from 22 Chalcolithic sites of the region were studied. Basically, the arrowheads were made of flint of various colour shades. To make them, the technology of secondary bifacial thinning was used, in which the completed tools were decorated with solid, flat, pressed, multi-faceted, bifacial retouching. The typology itself includes 2 groups, 5 types, 19 species and 7 variants. Among the arrowheads, wide unifacial and pentagonal shapes with a truncated or concave base prevail, in addition, unifacial shapes with a rounded base are numerous. Willow-leaved, triangular and rhombic points are less common. The category of stemmed points is insignificant. Analogies to the studied product forms can be found in the materials of the Chalcolithic complexes from the European Northeast to the Southern Urals. They are mainly of the unifacial arrowheads with both a truncated / concave and rounded / sharpened base. The rest of the forms (rhombic, triangular, stemmed and others) are mentioned in the scientific literature much less or are not mentioned at all. The conducted research made it possible to systematize the methods of typological study of stone arrowheads and expand the criteria for describing items. The successful application of the proposed typology proved its universal character.
References
Bader, O. N. 1961. Poseleniia turbinskogo tipa v Srednem Prikam’e (Turbino Type Settlements in the Middle Kama River Basin). Series: Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii (Materials and Studies in the Archaeology of the USSR) 99. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Gusentsova, T. M., Sennikova, L. A. 1980. In Oshibkina, S. V. (ed.). Pamiatniki epokhi eneolita i bronzy v basseine r. Viatki (Sites of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age in the Vyatka river basin). Izhevsk: Research Institute at the Council of Ministers of Udmurt ASSR, 118–134 (in Russian).
Karmanov, V. N., Kosinskaya, L. L. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 222–235 (in Russian).
Karmanov, V. N., Kosinskaya, L. L. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 236–249 (in Russian).
Korolev, A. I., Stavitskyi, V. V. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 83–105 (in Russian).
Korolev, A. I., Stavitskyi, V. V. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 40–60 (in Russian).
Lychagina, E. L. 2010. Otchet o raskopkakh Novoil'inskogo III poseleniya v Nytvenskom rayone Permskogo kraya v 2009 godu (Report on the excavations of the Novoilinsky III settlement in the Nytva district of the Perm Krai in 2009). Perm: Archive of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography Perm State Pedagogical University (in Russian).
Lychagina, E. L. 2013. Kamennyy i bronzovyy vek Predural'ya (Stone and Bronze Age of the Urals). Perm: Perm State Pedagogical University Publ. (in Russian).
Lychagina, E. L. 2020. Neolit Verkhnego i Srednego Prikam'ia (Neolithic of the Upper and Middle Kama Regions). Perm: Perm State Pedagogical University Publ. (in Russian).
Lychagina, E. L., Vybornov, A. A., Kul’kova, M. A. 2023. In Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seriia Istoriia (Bulletin of the Perm University: History Series) 60 (1), 5–18 (in Russian).
Matiushin, G. N. 1982. Eneolit Iuzhnogo Urala (Eneolithic of the Southern Urals). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mel’nichuk, A. F., Shipilov, A. V. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 195–207 (in Russian).
Mozhaeva, A. A. 2023. In Mel'nikova, O. M., Perevozchikova, S. A. et al. (eds.). LV Uralo-Povolzhskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya studentov i molodykh uchenykh (Izhevsk, 1-3 fevralya 2023 g.) (55th Ural-Volga Archaeological Student Conference (UPASK, February 1–3, 2023)). Izhevsk: Udmurt State University, 62–63 (in Russian).
Mozhaeva, A. A., Lychagina, E. L. 2022. In Vestnik Muzeya arkheologii i etnografii Permskogo Predural'ya (Bulletin of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Perm Cis-Urals) 12, 30–37 (in Russian).
Nagovitsin, L. A. 1987. In Bader, O. N., Krainov, D. A., Kosarev, M. F. (eds.). Epokha bronzy lesnoi polosy SSSR (The Bronze Age in the Forest Zone of the USSR). Series: Archaeology of the USSR 8. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 28–34 (in Russian).
Nagovitsin, L. A. 1980. In Oshibkina, S. V. (ed.). Pamiatniki epokhi eneolita i bronzy v basseine r. Viatki (Sites of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age in the Vyatka river basin). Izhevsk: Research Institute at the Council of Ministers of Udmurt ASSR, 96–117 (in Russian).
Nikitin, V. V. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 164–186 (in Russian).
Oshibkina, S. V. 1980. In Oshibkina, S. V. (ed.). Pamiatniki epokhi eneolita i bronzy v basseine r. Viatki (Sites of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age in the Vyatka river basin). Izhevsk: Research Institute at the Council of Ministers of Udmurt ASSR, 29–69 (in Russian).
Serikov, Yu. B. 2021. In Yuminov, A. M., Ankusheva, N. N. (eds.). Geoarkheologiia i arkheologicheskaia mineralogiia (Geoarchaeology and Archaeological mineralogy) 8. Miass; Chelyabinsk: South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, 49–54 (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A.A., Shipilov, A. V. 2021 In Sitdikov, A.G., Chizhevsky, A.A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 140–163 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 A. A. Mozhaeva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
