Paleoecological Conditions, Migrations, and Indigenous Development of Cultures in Central Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.1.8.18Keywords:
archaeology, indigenous development, migrations, paleoecology, Central Asia, Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, adaptation, lithic industriesAbstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the interrelations between climatic conditions, natural environment, and socio-cultural systems of Central Asia from the Paleolithic to historical periods. Emphasis is placed on the impact of glacial and interglacial phases on the transformation of the region habitability, the formation of "migration corridors," and the adaptation of ancient populations to changing ecological conditions. Periods marked by stability and resource abundance promoted the emergence of local economic and cultural traditions such as early hunting, gathering, nomadic herding, and farming, which substantially affected demographic structures and population density. Special attention is given to the indigenous Paleolithic traditions of Central Asia. The analysis of lithic industries reveals a technological continuum from early to Middle Paleolithic industries, identifies similar core types and flaking techniques, as well as isolated innovative forms indicating contacts with neighboring regions. The research underscores the significance of local development of the culturals in Central Asia, reveals migration trends, adaptive strategies, and technological-cultural continuity in the Middle Pleistocene, organizes data on Lower and Middle Paleolithic economic-cultural practices, and refines the understanding of the role of the region in human evolutionary history and ecological adaptation
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