THE DATING ISSUE OF OSTOLOPOVО ANCIENT VILLAGE IN TATARSTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2021.3.65.79Keywords:
archaeology, Volga Bolgaria, dating, settlement, stratigraphy, pre-Mongol period, non-ferrous metal products, glass lamp, beads, Askiz cultureAbstract
The paper addresses the issues of dating of Ostolopovо village in the Republic of Tatarstan. The settlement was located in the central part of the Volga Bolgaria and was connected with the large cities of this state. Since 1955 it is destroyed by the Kuibyshev reservoir. The settlement was investigated in 1969 by Kazan archaeologist T.A. Khlebnikova. She was convinced that the settlement arose in the 10th century, possibly at the end of the 9th century, and existed until the 12th century. In 1991, E.P. Kazakov expressed an opinion that this settlement originated not earlier than the second half of the 10th century. The purpose of this paper is to draw a conclusion about the time of emergence of this settlement. For this, artifacts were used, collected from the 1980s to the 2000s from the destroyed cultural layer, and the excavations at the settlement, carried out in 1997–2017 by K.A. Rudenko. Artifacts of several categories have been studied. These are products made of glass, stone, iron and non-ferrous metals. Of interest are the glass beads made in the Middle East, which were widespread in Volga Bolgaria in the 11th – 12th centuries. Very rare items discovered on the settlement include a glass ring and bracelet made in Byzantium dated the 11th century, a miniature lapis lazuli pendant of the same
time period, and fragments of a glass lamp and a perfume glass bottle made in Syria or Egypt in the 11–12th centuries. Items related to the population of the Kama region – the ancient Mari and Udmurts – were revealed. These are personal hygiene items and jewelry. Other discovered items are Arab coins of the Buwaihids (Buyids) issued in the late 10th – early 11th centuries. In addition, a large number of iron artifacts associated with the Askiz archaeological culture of Southern Siberia were found. They were dated from the second half of the 11th century to the fi rst half of the 12th century. Thus, an analysis of the artifacts revealed that Ostolopovo settlement did not appear earlier than the end of the 10th century. It actively developed in the 11th – early 12th centuries.
References
Artamonova, O. A. 1963. In Artamonov, M. I. (ed.). Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and Research in the USSR Archaeology) 109. Moscow; Leningrad: the USSR Academy of Sciences, 5–215 (in Russian).
Khalikov, A. Kh (ed.). 1988. Arkheologicheskie pamiatniki Tsentral'nogo Zakam'ia (Archaeological Monuments of the Central Trans-Kama Region). Kazan: Institute of Language, Literature and History, Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Arkhipov, G. A. 1986. Mariitsy XII–XIII vv. (k etnokul’turnoi istorii Povetluzh’ia) (Mari People in 12th–13th Centuries: to the Ethno-Cultural History of the Vetluga River Basin). Yoshkar-Ola: “Mariiskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Begovatov, E. A., Poluboiarinova, M. D. 2014. In Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia (Russian Archaeology) (1), 158–162 (in Russian).
Belavin, A. M., Krylasova, N. B. 2012. Ogurdinskii mogil'nik (Ogurdino Burial Ground). Perm: Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University (in Russian).
Gainullin, I. I., Demina, Yu. V., Usmanov, B. M. 2012. In Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii (Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology) 226. 54−63 (in Russian).
Goldina, E. V. 2010. Busy mogil’nikov nevolinskoi kul’tury (konets IV–IX vv.) (Beads from the Nevolino Culture Burial Grounds (Late 4th – 9th Centuries)). Series: Proceedings and Research of the Kama-Vyatka Archaeological Expedition 6. Izhevsk: Udmurt State University (in Russian).
Goldina, R. D., Koroleva, O. P. 1983. In Vladykin, V. E. (ed.). Etnicheskie protsessy na Urale i Sibiri v pervobytnuiu epokhu (Ethnic Processes in the Urals and Siberia in the Prehistoric Age). Izhevsk: Udmurt State University, 40–72 (in Russian).
Dobrova, O. P. 2018. In Kainov, S. Yu. (ed.). Gnezdovskiy arkheologicheskiy sbornik. Materialy i issledovaniya (Gnezdovsky Archaeological Collection. Materials and Research) 1. Series: Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 210. Moscow: State Historical Museum, 102−126 (in Russian).
Zhurukhina, E. Yu. 2015. In Gaidukov, P. G. (ed.). Steklo Vostochnoi Evropy s drevnosti do nachala XX veka (East European Glass from Antiquity to the Early 20th Century). Moscow: “Nestor-Istoriia”Publ., 218−222 (in Russian).
Zakharov, S. D. 2004. Drevnerusskii gorod Beloozero (The Old Rus Town of Beloozero). Moscow: “Indrik” Publ. (in Russian).
Ivanova, M. G. 1998. Idnakar: Drevneudmurtskoe gorodishche IX–XIII vv. (Idnakar: Ancient Udmurt Hillfort of 9th – 13th Centuries). Izhevsk: Udmurtian Institute of History, Language, and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Ivanova, M. G., Kulikov, K. I. 2000. Drevnee iskusstvo Udmurtii (Ancient Art of Udmurtia). Izhevsk: Udmurtian Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1991. Bulgarskoe selo X—XIII vekov nizovii Kamy (10th – 13th Century Bulgar Village in the Lower Kama Region). Kazan: “Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1997. In Tatarskaia arkheologiia (Tatar Archaeology) (1), 61–77 (in Russian).
Krulasova, N. B. 2006. Arkheologiia povsednevnosti: material'naia kul'tura srednevekovogo Predural'ia (Archaeology of Everyday Life: Material Culture of the Medieval Cis-Urals). Perm: Perm State Pedagogical University (in Russian).
Kyzlasov, I. L. 1983. Askizskaya kul'tura Yuzhnoy Sibiri X–XIV vv. (Askiz Culture of South Siberia in the 10th –14th cc.). Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) E3-18. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Leont’ev, A. E. 1996. Arkheologiia meri. K predystorii Severo-Vostochnoi Rusi (Archaeology of the Merya People. Towards Pre-History of North-Eastern Rus’). Moscow: “Geoeko” Publ. (in Russian).
Murasheva, V. V., Dovgaliuk, N. P., Fetisov, A. A. 2010. In Nosov, E. N., Beletsky, S. V. (eds.). Kraeugol’nyi kamen’. Arkheologiia, istoriia, iskusstvo, kul’tura Rossii i sopredel’nykh stran (Cornerstone. Archaeology, History, Art and Culture of Russia and Its Neighboring Countries) 1. Saint Petersburg: “Lomonosov” Publ., 512–536 (in Russian).
Nigamaev, A. Z. 2005. Bolgarskie goroda Predkam’ia: Alabuga, Kirmen’, Chally. Svoeobrazie material’noi kul’tury i naseleniia (Bolgar Towns of the Cis-Kama area: Alabuga, Kirmen, Chally. Originality of Material Culture and Population). Kazan: Kazan State University (in Russian).
Nikitina, T. B. 2012. Pogrebal’nye pamiatniki IX–XI vv. Vetluzhsko-Viatskogo mezhdurech’ia (Burial Sites of the 9th – 11th Centuries in the Vetluga-Vyatka Interfl uvial Area). Series: Arkheologiya evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 14. Kazan: “Otechestvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Poluboiarinova, M. D. 1991. Ukrasheniia iz tsvetnykh kamnei Bolgara i Zolotoi Ordy (Jewelry of Gemstones found in Bulgar and the Golden Horde). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute for Archaeology (in Russian).
Puteshestvie ibn Fadlana: Volzhskii put' ot Bagdada do Bulgara (The Journey of Ibn Fadlan: the Volga Route from Baghdad to Bolgar). 2016. Moscow: “Izdatel'skii dom Mardzhani” Publ. (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2001. Tiurkskii mir i Volgo-Kamьe v XI–XIV vv.: Izdeliia askizskogo kruga v Srednem Povolzhьe (Turkic World and the Volga-Kama Region in the 11th –14th cc.: Articles of the Askiz Range in the Middle Volga Кegion). Kazanь: “Zaman” Publ. 141 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2002. In Usmanov, M. A. (ed.). Velikii Volzhskii put': istoriia formirovaniia i razvitiia (The Great Volga Route: Formation and Development History) 2. Kazan: Institute for History named after Sh. Marjani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 31−52 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2012. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) (2), 123–145 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2014. In Drevnosti Sibiri i Tsentral'noi Azii (Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia) 19 (7). 224−244 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2014a. In Dvurechensky, O. V. (ed.). Voennaia arkheologiia. (Military Archaeology). 3 Moscow; Tula: “MediaMir” Publ., “Kulikovo Pole” State Museum-Reserve, 47−54 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2015. Issledovaniia VI Alekseevskogo i Murzikhinskogo selishch v Tatarstane v 1992–1996 g. (Studies of VI Alekseevskoye and Murzikha Settlements in Tatarstan in 1992-1996). Kazan: “Kazanskaia nedvizhimost” Publ. (in Russian).
Rudenko, K A. 2017. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 1, 296–319. (in Russian).
Rudenko, K A. 2019. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 6, 95−110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.244.11/2587-6112-2019-00082. (in Russian).
Sedova, M. V. 1981. Iuvelirnye izdeliia drevnego Novgoroda (X–XV vv.) (Jewelry of Old Novgorod (10th – 15th Centuries)). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Korotkevich, B. S. 2003 (ed.). Staraia Ladoga – drevniaia stolitsa Rusi (Staraya Ladoga – the Ancient Capital of Rus). Saint Petersburg: The State Hermitage Museum (in Russian).
Starostin, P. N. 1993. In Khuzin, F. Sh. (ed.). Arkheologiia Volzhskoi Bulgarii: problemy, poiski, resheniia (Archaeology of the Volga Bulgaria: Problems, Research, Answers). Kazan: Institute of Language, Literature and History named after G. Ibragimov, Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 53–63 (in Russian).
Stolyarova, E. K. 2005. In Rudenko, K. A. (ed.). Drevnosti Povolzh'ia: epokha srednevekov'ia (issledovaniia kul'turnogo naslediia Volzhskoi Bulgarii i Zolotoi Ordy) (Antiquities of the Volga Region: the Medieval Period (Studies of the Cultural Heritage of Voga Bolgaria and the Golden Horde)). Kazan: “Shkola” Publ., 43–66 (in Russian).
Stolyarova, E. K. 2007. In Materialy Likhachevskikh chteniy (Proceedings of Likhachev Readings) Kazan': “Ekspert-format” Publ., 272–277 (in Russian).
Fekhner, M. V. 1963. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Iaroslavskoe Povolzh'e X–XI vv. po materialam Timerevskogo, Mikhailovskogo i Petrovskogo mogil'nikov (Yaroslavl Volga Region of the 10th – 11th cc. based on materials from Timerevo, Mikhailovo and Petrovsky burial grounds). Moscow, 39–42 (in Russian).
Khlebnikova, T. A. 1970. Otchet o rabotakh Otriada arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii po issledovaniiu bolgarskikh poselenii zony Kuibyshevskogo vodohranilishcha v 1969 godu (Report on the Work of the Archaeological Expedition Group for the Exploration of Bolgar Settlements in the Kuybyshev Reservoir Area in 1969). Kazan. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Inv. R-1, dossier 3919 (in Russian).
Khlebnikova, T. A. 1974. In Sovetskaia Arkheologiia (Soviet Archaeology) (1), 58–68 (in Russian).
Khlebnikova, T. A., Kazakov, E. P. 1976. In Khalikov, A. Kh. (ed.). Iz arkheologii Volgo-Kam’ia (From the Volga-Kama Archaeology). Kazan: Institute for Language, Literature and History, Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 109–136 (in Russian).
Engovatova, A. V., Koval, V. Yu., Zots, E. P., Stolyarova, E. K., Saracheva, T. G. 2018. Miakininskii arkheologicheskii kompleks v Podmoskov'e (Myakinino Barrows. Myakinino Archaeological Complex in the Moscow Region). Series: Materialy spasatel'nykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy (Materials of Rescue Archaeological Studies) Moscow: Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Carboni S. 2001. Glass from Islamic Lands. The al-Sabah Collection, Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah, Kuwait National Museum. L.: Thames & Hudson (in English).
Carboni S., Waitehouse D. 2002. Glass of the Sultans. N.-Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art )in English).
Kröger Jens 1995. Nishapur. Glass of the Early Islamic Period. N.-Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art (in English).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 K.A. Rudenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
