Nomadic Population of the Samara Volga Region in the Golden Horde Epoch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.6.133.143Keywords:
archaeology, Samara Volga region, Golden Horde, mapping, burial mounds, barrows, nomadic population, the mordvins, burial rite, burials with a horseAbstract
Among the sites of the Golden Horde period in the Samara Volga region, a separate category consists of the burials left by the nomadic population of the region. At present, there is information about 36 burial sites of the Golden Horde period, where 64 burials associated with the nomadic population have been studied. Most of the identified burials are located on the left bank of the Volga River in the basins of the Samara, Bolshoy Kinel, and Sok rivers. A special group consists of burials with a horse, identified in the Mordovian necropolises. The authors describe these burials, compare them with the nomadic assemblages of the Samara region. Based on the analysis of the regularities of the buried deposits location in the Samara Volga region, several groups of sites associated with the different nature of the use of the area by nomads are distinguished. The revealed complexes are dated from the 2nd half of the XIII century to the middle of the XIV century. After the events of the 1360s, the Samara Volga area fell into desolation. According to written sources, it is known that in the XV–XVI centuries the lands to the east of the Volga were used by nomads as summer pastures, however, archaeological complexes of this period are not recorded.
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