Medieval Beads from Barrow № 1 of the Kusimovo-3 Burial Ground in the Southern Trans-Urals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.6.240.252Keywords:
archaeology, beads; Middle Ages; morphology; glass technology; chronology; Southern Urals, Karayakupovo cultureAbstract
The paper presents a catalogue and morphological and technological analysis of bead decorations obtained during the excavations of a barrow stone mound of the Kusimovo-3 burial ground located in the Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors of the excavations define this barrow as a sacrificial and memorial complex, that consistently functioned in the IV – V centuries BC and IX centuries AD. The set of finds of the Middle Ages is represented by bronze pieces of the belt set, items made of iron, fragments of pottery of the Karayakupovo archaeological culture and beads. Medieval beads, discussed in the publication, were found in the mound and are part of the dating objects. The analysis of the morphological and technological characteristics of jewelry fixes the predominance of rounded polychrome beads made serially and individually: dividing of the tube supplemented with the putting of a metal foil with a protective layer, a second layer of glass; the puncture of the stick is supplementary made by pressing and decoration. A set of analogies allowed us to determine the dating (the using of most beads took place in the range of the VII–IX centuries) as well as the approximate location of their production (the Middle East: Syria, Egypt). The quantity and quality of beads confirms the observation based on the study of the representative mass of jewelry from the Ufa-Belaya interfluve – beads are reduced in number, monochrome ones become much less. Analogies of jewelry demonstrate the functioning of the Volga-Kama route during this period.
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