Relationship of Nomadic and Settled Population in the Cis-Ural Forest-Steppe Zone in the Sarmatian Period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.2.296.309Keywords:
archaeology, Cis-Urals, forest-steppe, Early Iron Age, Kara-Abyz culture, nomads, migration processes, relationship modelsAbstract
In the 5th century BC during the migration to the Belaya River valley of different groups of the Kama population with the predominance of bearers of the post-Maklasheyevka culture, their transformation into the Kara-Abyz culture took place. As a result, on the Belaya River forest-steppe right bank several centers-agglomerations of the Kara-Abyz culture settling were formed: southern (Gafuriyskaya), Zilim (Ubalar), central (Shipovo-Okhlebinino) and a number of northern centers (Ufa, Kara-Abyz, Biktimirovo, Kamyshinka, Birsk etc). Belaya River left bank up to the estuary of the Dyoma River from the turn of the V–IV centuries BC was accessible to the nomadic early Sarmatian population. The most dense settling of this territory by nomads dates back to the III–II centuries BC. Each of the Kara-Abyz groups realized different relationship models with their nomadic neighbours. The closest interrelation with nomads can be seen in the south and central areas up to the incorporation of nomads into the settled environment. Contacts of the Zilim and northern groups with the nomadic world are traced much weaker.
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