Areas of Manufacturing and Craft Activity at the Zuyevy Klyuchi I Hillfort in the Second Half of the I Millennium BC (on the issue of the functional layout of the Ananyino hillforts)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.2.191.207Keywords:
archaeology, Lower Kama region, Early Iron Age, Ananyino culture of corded ware, smelting, metalworking, bone carving, place within the settlement structureAbstract
This paper examines production-related objects studied in the stratigraphic layers of the late Ananyino period (end of the 5th to 3rd centuries BC) at the Zuyevy Klyuchi I hillfort in the Lower Kama region. In particular, the features of two structures from the 2003–2004 excavations, associated with metalworking and bone working, are described and analyzed. Both objects differ from dwellings, which are well-documented both at the site itself and throughout the Ananyino cultural area as a whole, based on formal characteristics (shape, internal layout). The criteria for interpreting the structures as production-related are the composition of finds, reflecting various spheres of the Ananyino economy: metal smelting (iron and copper) – slag, crucibles, casting molds; bone working – waste from bone and horn processing, finished products and blanks. Special attention is paid to the construction and function of a two-chambered pit with remains of a clay furnace and iron slag.
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